Childhood Immunization Against 16 Pathogens - 1170 Words

To Vaccinate or Not to Vaccinate Jeannette Carlin Community Public Health Nursing Drexel University ACE Program My name is Jeannette Carlin, a mother and ACE nursing student at Drexel University. I appreciate the opportunity to state my support for vaccinations in infants, children and teens. Vaccinations is one of the best ways parents can protect their children from 16 potentially harmful diseases. Some of these diseases are not only harmful to children but they highly contagious and can also be deadly. Furthermore, immunizations do a great job of preventing epidemics of these dangerous diseases spreading to the community. †¢ Vaccination can save children’s lives. Currently the CDC recommends childhood immunization†¦show more content†¦The Center for Disease Control (CDC) together with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) continuously monitor vaccines for new dangerous side effects in order to maintain the safety of the children being immunized (CDC, 2014). In January 2013, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) published the most comprehensive examination of the immunization schedule to date, and the report uncovered no evidence of major safety concerns associated with adherence to the CDC-recommended childhood immunization schedule (IOM, 2013). Thirteen, well renown organizations such as the CDC, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Institute of Medicine (IOM), American Medical Association (AMA), American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), UNICEF, US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), World Health Organization (WHO), Public Health Agency of Canada, Canadian Pediatric Society, National Foundation for Infectious Diseases (NFID), and A merican Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) and the US Department of Health and Human Services state, that vaccines are some of the safest drugs available today (Vaccines ProCon, 2017). †¢ Adverse reactions to vaccines are extremely rare. Anaphylaxis, is the most the most common side effect of vaccines and occurs in 1: 1,000.000 children’s vaccinations. Ellen Clayton, MD, JD, Professor of Pediatrics and Law atShow MoreRelatedAnti Vaccine Movement Is Making Strong Waves Upon Society1411 Words   |  6 PagesThere was a time in history when nearly all children in America had contracted the measles virus before the age of 16. This was in the decade before 1963. During this time, each year an estimated three to four million people in the United States were infected, with 48,000 hospitalized, and 400-500 fatalities. In 1963 the measles virus vaccine was licensed in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Today, the notoriously rampant measles virus is almost unheard of. 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Impact OF Lifestyle On Environment our lifeâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Is The Impact OF Lifestyle On Environment Our Life? Answer: Introduction Sustainable lifestyle is the kind of living options undertaken by individuals and the society in order to reduce the consumption of carbon footprint in the environment. As mentioned by Berardi (2013), individuals facilitating sustainable lifestyle adopt alternative methods of living such as diet, consumption of energy and methods of transportation. Sustainable living aims towards living a consistent sustainable lifestyle thereby, maintaining balance within nature. This also respects the symbiotic relationship between the human and Earths ecology. This literature review highlights the concept of sustainable lifestyle along with the impact on the environment, individuals attitude towards sustainable lifestyle and the possible challenges related to sustainable lifestyle. Concept of sustainable lifestyles As mentioned by Newman and Jennings (2012), the concept of sustainable lifestyle highlights the patterns of consumption and action used by the individuals and the society in order to reduce the carbon footprint in the environment. People adopting sustainable living use environmentally friendly methods of energy consumption, transportation and buildings. The concept of sustainable lifestyle in the wider sense includes the actions that reduces carbon footprint in the environment. Therefore, adopting sustainable lifestyle refers to the actions used in order to achieve equal consumption distribution around the world thereby, reducing the environmental impact. As the world is getting more industrialised, more use of technology is facilitated for ease of work and comfort that releases gases harmful for the environment. Moreover, to facilitate modernisation, Earths resources are been exhausted thereby, creating ecosystem imbalance (Dryzek, 2013). Adopting sustainable lifestyle provides an o pportunity for the society to use Earths natural resources thereby, balancing the consumption and restoration. Impact of lifestyle on the environment The consequences of modern lifestyle are adversely affects the environment and are distinctively reflected by the drastic climatic changes within the environment. As mentioned by Dhillon and Von Wuehlisch (2013), the global temperatures are rising drastically due to the release and accumulation of greenhouse gases thereby, causing adverse consequences such as more frequent natural calamities. Due to modernisation, developed countries contribute more in emitting greenhouse houses compared to less developed countries. This is because developed countries are using more technological advancements due to work ease and comfort. The amount of greenhouse gases released is measured by ecological footprint that helps in comparing pollutions of different populations and the resources consumed. Therefore, use of sustainable lifestyle is a huge initiative undertaken by the society to reduce the carbon footprint in the environment and prevent global warming. Understanding sustainable lifestyle by using accounting methods In order to understand the effectiveness of sustainable lifestyle from the perspective of consumption, the supply chain of the society and individuals are considered. As mentioned by Paetz, Dutschke and Fichtner (2012), policies facilitating sustainable consumption consider the present and future patterns of consumption thereby, accounting the overall environmental impact. Therefore, accounting will help in evaluating various aspects in terms of household and transport consumption. This provides an idea of how much sustainable lifestyle is adopted by the society. Evaluating household consumption Evaluating the household consumption is the most widely studied that highlights the impact on the environment. According to Cucek, Klemes and Kravanja (2012), the household impact is limited as it is only used for energy consumption as specific amount of energy is used while household activities. For example, the environment is not affected because of purchasing a car. Additionally, manufacturing, distribution and car disposal collectively affects the environment. In order to combat with heat and cold in certain countries, specific heating and cooling are installed in houses that also affect the environment. Therefore, accounting helps in keeping track of the amount of greenhouse gases released from household and its impact on the environment. As a result, individuals and society can use more environment friendly methods such as using cars facilitating biodiesel. Accounting methods such as process life-cycle assessment and environmental input-output analyses are suitable in measuring the sustainable lifestyle. Both the methods have the ability of evaluating the environmental impacts and supply chain simultaneously from the initial consumption point. Therefore, accounting provides a better opportunity of understanding sustainable lifestyle thereby, proposing ways to resolve the issue by implementing suitable strategies. Attitudes towards sustainable lifestyle The pattern of consumption has to be modified in order to adopt sustainability because it is significant to understand the reason of consumption, methods to change the mindset of the society and factors influencing the consumption. As asserted by Kaygusuz (2012), consumption around the world is continuously increasing due to demands of the developed countries. Economists think such consumption to be positive for the society as this facility is improving the lifestyle by providing comfort and facilities. Therefore, individuals and society are going for technologies that provide them comfort without thinking about the adverse on the environment. However, it is also assumed that individuals able to use the advanced facilities more are comparatively happier. Steps undertaken to change the attitude of the society The behaviour and attitude of the society and the individuals needs to be modified to opt for more sustainable lifestyle for reducing the adverse impact. As commented by Moldan, Janouskova and Hak (2012), the policies for adopting for sustainable lifestyle needs to be according to the development of the country. For example, policies concerning sustainable lifestyle needs to be more strictly implemented in developing countries as the rate of consumption is higher compared to underdeveloped countries. Moreover, the policies of sustainable lifestyle need to emphasise more on fields such as transport, energy consumption and food. Structures and facilities suitable to implement the policies concerning the areas have to be developed. Another way of changing the view of the society in order to make the policies more effective, the makers of the policy needs to works with the business organisations and the individuals within the society simultaneously. This is because working individually will make it hard to change the viewpoint of the society. This will provide an opportunity to demonstrate the benefits of adopting sustainable lifestyle on the environment they are residing. Benefits of sustainable lifestyles The concept of sustainable lifestyle has emerged over the past few years due the various benefits in terms of environment. With progress, individuals within the society are getting more concerned about the environment thereby, willingly adopting for sustainable methods of living. According to Madurwar, Ralegaonkar and Mandavgane (2013), uses of natural insulators are suggested while constructing modern houses. Therefore, installation of heating or cooling machines can be avoided thereby, preventing emission of gases. For example, individuals can put an extra layer of clothing in order to cope up with cold. Moreover, use of naturally available resources instead of electrically powered equipment for performing household activities also minimises the adverse environmental effects. Individuals can grow their own herbs in the houses that increase greenery within the house and balance the gaseous exchange in the environment. As mentioned by Blackman and Naranjo (2012), instead of using rea dymade fertilisers to enhance the growth of plants, organic fertilisers are more suitable to adopt sustainable living. Emission of greenhouse gases has increased extensively due to transportation. In developed countries, every household has more than one car. It has become more of a status symbol rather than being used for transportation. Therefore, adopting of sustainable lifestyle allows the individuals to use public transport more frequently thereby, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases greatly. Moreover, adopting sustainable lifestyle helps in maintaining balance within the ecosystem by establishing stability between consumption and formation of natural resources. Furthermore, sustainable living greatly reduces the impact on global warming that will eventually minimise the impact on climatic change. Conclusion This literature review concludes that in order to decrease the amount of carbon emission and footprint in the environment, sustainability lifestyle is a beneficial way. Sustainable lifestyle emphasises on using the environmental friendly resources for living. It has been seen that developing countries contributes more in emission of greenhouse gases compared to less developed countries due to technology advancements and improved lifestyle. Accounting method helps in evaluating the consumption of energy by the households thereby, ascertaining the level of sustainability lifestyle acceptance. Therefore, strict policies are formulated and imposed on developed countries to make sustainable lifestyle more effective. Moreover, collaborative working of the business organisations and the society provides a better opportunity of highlighting the benefits of sustainable lifestyle to thereby, changing the attitude of the society. However, issues such as lifetimes of the products, durability of the products and service economy are encountered while implementing sustainable lifestyle. References Berardi, U., 2013. Clarifying the new interpretations of the concept of sustainable building.Sustainable Cities and Society,8, pp.72-78. Blackman, A. and Naranjo, M.A., 2012. Does eco-certification have environmental benefits? Organic coffee in Costa Rica.Ecological Economics,83, pp.58-66. ?u?ek, L., Kleme, J.J. and Kravanja, Z., 2012. A review of footprint analysis tools for monitoring impacts on sustainability.Journal of Cleaner Production,34, pp.9-20. Dhillon, R.S. and von Wuehlisch, G., 2013. Mitigation of global warming through renewable biomass.Biomass and bioenergy,48, pp.75-89. Dryzek, J.S., 2013.The politics of the earth: Environmental discourses. Oxford university press. Kaygusuz, K., 2012. Energy for sustainable development: A case of developing countries.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,16(2), pp.1116-1126. Madurwar, M.V., Ralegaonkar, R.V. and Mandavgane, S.A., 2013. Application of agro-waste for sustainable construction materials: A review.Construction and Building Materials,38, pp.872-878. Moldan, B., Janoukov, S. and Hk, T., 2012. How to understand and measure environmental sustainability: Indicators and targets.Ecological Indicators,17, pp.4-13. Newman, P. and Jennings, I., 2012.Cities as sustainable ecosystems: principles and practices. Island Press. Paetz, A.G., Dtschke, E. and Fichtner, W., 2012. Smart homes as a means to sustainable energy consumption: A study of consumer perceptions.Journal of consumer policy,35(1), pp.23-41.